ALU International Military Student Office (IMSO)

The five Department of Defense Regional Centers for security studies are the Near East South Asia Center, the Africa Center for Strategic Studies, the Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies, the Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies and the George C. Marshall European Center for Security Studies.

The acronym IMET stands for International Military Education and Training.

The International Military Education and Training (IMET) program is a low-cost, highly effective component of U.S. security assistance. In FY 2007, $81.1 million provided training to students from 134 allied and partner nations. In FY 2008, over 140 nations are programmed to receive approximately $85 million.

The overall objectives of the program are to:

• Further the goal of regional stability through effective, mutually beneficial military-to-military relations that culminate in increased understanding and defense cooperation between the United States and foreign countries;
• Provide training that augments the capabilities of participant nations’ military forces to support combined operations and interoperability with U.S. forces; and
• Increase the ability of foreign military and civilian personnel to instill and maintain democratic values and protect internationally recognized human rights in their own government and military.

Training provided under the IMET program is professional and non-political, exposing foreign students to U.S. professional military organizations and procedures and the manner in which military organizations function under civilian control. The IMET program’s mandatory English-language proficiency requirement establishes an essential baseline of communication skills necessary for students to attend courses. It facilitates the development of valuable professional and personal relationships that have provided U.S. access to and influence in a critical sector of society that often plays a pivotal role in supporting, or transitioning to, democratic governments. The IMET program introduces military and civilian participants to elements of U.S. democracy such as the U.S. judicial system, legislative oversight, free speech, equality issues, and U.S. commitment to human rights.

IMET objectives are achieved through a variety of technical training and professional military education activities conducted by DoD for foreign military and civilian officials. These include formal instruction that involves over 4,000 courses taught at approximately 150 military schools and installations to roughly 7,000 foreign students annually.

The Expanded IMET (E-IMET) program is a subset of the IMET program that fosters greater understanding of and respect for civilian control of the military, exposes students to military justice systems, and promotes the development of strong civil-military relations by showing key military and civilian leaders how to overcome barriers that can exist between armed forces, civilian officials, and legislators.

A less formal, but still significant, part of IMET is the Informational Program, which exposes students to the U.S. way of life, including regard for democratic values, respect for individual civil and human rights, and belief in the rule of law.

IMET assists U.S. allies and friendly nations in professionalizing their militaries through participation in U.S. military educational programs. The resulting military competence and self-sufficiency of U.S. allies and partner nations provide a wide range of benefits to the United States in terms of collective security, stability, and peace. As foreign militaries improve their knowledge of and integrate U.S. military principles into their own forces, military cooperation is strengthened. Similarly, opportunities for military-to-military interaction, information sharing, joint planning, and combined force exercises, as well as essential requirements for access to foreign military bases and facilities, are notably expanded. IMET fosters important military linkages essential to advancing global security interests of the United States and improving the capabilities of its allies and partner nations.

On October 17, 2006, section 1222 of the John Warner National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2007 (Public Law 109-364) removed International Military Education and Training as one of the types of military assistance prohibited pursuant to section 2007 of the American Servicemembers’ Protection Act of 2002 (Public Law 107-206). Countries that were previously restricted under this act, are no longer restricted and FY 2007 IMET training and education is reflected in this report.

IMET is funded by the Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2010.

This appropriations bill helps protect our national security through effective diplomacy and development. It provides needed assistance to frontline states – Afghanistan, Pakistan and Iraq – and it promotes security, economic development, health, education, food security, and environmental protection around the world. The bill also provides vital resources to rebuild the capacity of the State Department and USAID. It reverses a decade of reliance on supplemental appropriations and provides an honest accounting of the cost of critical national security initiatives.

Overall, the bill focuses on four priority areas:

• Rebuilding our Diplomatic and Development Capacity to meet 21st Century Requirements;
• Assisting Frontline States, Combating Terrorism and Narcotics, and other National Security Priorities;
• Ensuring Effective Oversight of Assistance Programs and Diplomatic/Development Operations; and
• Responding to HIV/AIDS, Poverty, Food Security, Education, Humanitarian Crises, Climate Change, and Other Global Challenges.

The bill totals $48.764 billion of discretionary budget authority for fiscal year 2010, which is $1.235 billion, or two percent below fiscal year 2009 enacted levels including supplemental appropriations, and $3.28 billion below the President’s fiscal year 2010 request.

The majority of the International Military Students in the United States are funded under the Foreign Military Sales (FMS) Program?

FOREIGN MILITARY SALES (FMS) - PROGRAMS FUNDED BY FOREIGN NATIONAL FUNDS

FMS involves government-to-government sales of U.S. defense articles, services, and training. Responsible arms sales further national security and foreign policy objectives by strengthening bilateral defense relations, supporting coalition building, and enhancing interoperability between U.S. forces and militaries of allies and friendly nations. These sales also contribute to U.S. prosperity by improving the U.S. balance of trade position, sustaining highly skilled jobs in the defense industrial base, and extending production lines and lowering unit costs for such key weapon systems as the M1A2 tank, F-16 aircraft, AH-64 helicopter, and F/A-18 aircraft.

Total FMS sales in FY 2007 (articles and training) were approximately $23.3 billion. Military training and education, to include professional military education as well as technical training related to equipment purchases, is sold to foreign countries via FMS. Total military training and education sold to foreign countries reported in this report through the FMS program in FY 2007 was over $167.3 million.

The principal Department of Defense organization through which the Secretary of Defense carries out responsibilities for Security Assistance is the Defense Security Cooperation Agency (DSCA).

DSCA’s mission is to lead, direct and manage security cooperation programs and resources to support national security objectives that:

• Build relationships that promote U.S. interests
• Build allied and partner capacities for self-defense and coalition operations in the global war on terrorism.
• Promote peacetime and contingency access for U.S. forces

Security Cooperation is defined as All Department of Defense interactions with foreign defense establishments to build defense relationships that promote specific US security interests, develop allied and friendly military capabilities for self-defense and multinational operations, and provide US forces with peacetime and contingency access to a host nation.

The role/functions of the Security Cooperation Organizations of Officers (SCO) in country is: Definition. The Foreign Assistance Act (FAA) authorizes the President to assign U.S. military personnel overseas to manage Security Assistance programs administered by the Department of Defense. The generic term SCO encompasses all DoD elements, regardless of actual title, located in a foreign country to carry out Security Assistance management functions under the FAA and the Arms Export Control Act (AECA). The programs include grant military assistance (including those grant programs provided under the authority of Peacekeeping Operations, IMET, and FMS. SCO personnel serve under the direction and supervision of the Chief of Mission (COM) to ensure that DoD Security Assistance management responsibilities are properly executed.

Functions - SCO personnel perform the following functions funded by FMS and FFMF Administrative funds.

1. Security Assistance Program Management and Oversight. SCO personnel provide management oversight of Security Assistance activities to ensure compliance with legal and policy provisions.

SCO Functions - Security Assistance Program Management and Oversight

• Provide interface for exchange of information and advice between the host nation's military establishment, the Chief of Mission (COM), and the DoD Components responsible for the Security Assistance programs.  This includes promotion of Rationalization, Standardization, and Interoperability (RSI) and other armaments cooperation measures in connection with Security Assistance programs.
• Provide the host country information needed to make decisions concerning Security Assistance programs.  Encourage the host country to establish and depend on its procurement mission in the United States.
• Evaluate host military capability to employ and maintain requested equipment and assist, as required, in processing security Assistance requests.
• Assist the NDPC in evaluating host country security programs and negotiating security agreements.
• Facilitate the timely and efficient implementation of approved host country Security Assistance programs.
• Assist U.S. MILDEPs and the host country in the receipt, transfer, and acceptance of Security Assistance materiel, training, and other services (to include drawdowns, etc.).
• Monitor Security Assistance programs' and transactions' progress, initiate appropriate remedial action, or advise the appropriate DoD Components of problems and issues encountered.
• Perform programming, planning, management, and implementation functions relating to FMS and IMET programs.
• Inform host country of U.S. Security Assistance laws, policies, and procedures.
• Monitor FMS billing statements and payments and inform the host country of financial requirements.
• Engage the host military, to the extent practicable, in cooperative planning for total military acquisitions over a 3 to 5 year planning period.
• Acquire information on host country potential defense acquisitions and anticipate demands on U.S. resources.
• Report on the use of U.S. origin defense articles, services, and training by the host country. These procedures vary from country to country; therefore, no standards are prescribed. The SCO should use: available resources (e.g., country reporting or documentation, temporary duty (TDY) personnel assigned in country performing other duties, other elements of the U.S. Diplomatic Mission, and spot checks during the normal course of SCO duties and travel). The SCO should report on an exception basis through established Security Assistance channels and maintain records on file.
• Assist the host country to identify, administer, and properly dispose of excess Security Assistance materiel.
• Provide input to the COM for the Mission Program Plan (MPP).
• Coordinate and supervise activities of DoD personnel and elements that are in-country under DoD sponsorship (excluding Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA)) or other Security Assistance authority.
• Coordinate between U.S. defense industry representatives and the host nation defense establishment, and provide oversight, without limitation to any country or group of countries, for in-country RSI and Defense Industrial Cooperation (DIC) initiatives.
• Supervise C-12 aircraft activities.
• Perform SCO administrative functions to include budget preparation and execution and review of organizational and manning requirements.

2. General Advisory and Training Assistance. SCO personnel may provide advisory and training assistance to the host country military establishment; however, this assistance must be minimal and cannot interfere with the SCO’s performance of Security Assistance management responsibilities.

3. Administrative Support. The SCO can provide normal administrative support for personnel assigned in-country to perform non-Security Assistance functions so long as such support does not reach a level that would require additional administrative personnel. If the support for non-Security Assistance personnel requires additional administrative personnel, Operations and Maintenance (O&M), Military Personnel Account (MPA), Research and Development (R&D), or other funded billets must be provided.

4. U.S. Defense Representative (USDR). When designated as USDR, the SCO
Chief complies with DoD Instruction 5105.57.

5. Safeguarding Classified Material. The SCO safeguards U.S. Security Assistance-related classified information located in foreign countries. Except for classified information authorized for release to a foreign Government or international organization pursuant to DoD Directive 5230.11 and under the security control of that Government or organization, the retention of U.S. classified material is authorized only if it is necessary to satisfy USG mission requirements. This includes classified material temporarily transferred into a foreign country via USG personnel authorized to escort or carry such material.

6. Congressional Threat Report Preparation. AECA requires a report to Congress, under certain conditions, within 48 hours of a change in status of significant hostilities or terrorist acts, or a series of such acts, that may endanger American lives or property.

7. Non-Security Assistance Funded Functions. Some functions in-country should be performed by personnel who are not funded by Security Assistance administrative funds.  These functions include:

Specific Case Advice and Training. If direct advice and training assistance is required for a specific purpose (particularly assistance related directly to an FMS case), it must be provided by Technical Assistance Field Teams (TAFTs), Technical Assistance Teams (TATs), Mobile Training Teams (MTTs), or similar teams authorized by the FAA or the AECA and paid for by the host country through an FMS case. 

• Armaments Cooperation. Personnel dedicated to Armaments Cooperation are funded from sources other than Security Assistance. These personnel are under the supervision and oversight of the SCO Chief and perform Armaments Cooperation functions. If there are no Armaments Cooperation personnel assigned to the SCO,the SCO chief is responsible for these functions to the degree staff assets permit.
• Collateral Duties. The COM must approve assignment of collateral duties. These duties most often relate to functions performed on behalf of U.S. forces under the direction of the Combatant Commander. If these duties are to be conducted on a continuing basis, the Combatant Command should conduct a review and classification prior to assignment to determine appropriate funding categories and provide the results to the Director, DSCA. SCO personnel may perform these duties if they do not detract from the ability to perform the Security Assistance mission.
• Translation Services. The host country is responsible for translating documents. SCOs should convey this point to host country counterparts. For purposes of communicating between USG and purchaser representatives only, SCOs may provide “informal translations” using the same practices as the U.S. Diplomatic Mission when the SCO Chief determines an informal translation of an English text is in the U.S. interest. Translators must clearly mark the translated document “Informal and unofficial translation -- English text governs.” The SCO Chief must ensure that a forwarding letter accompanies each contractual document (e.g., LOA) emphasizing that the English text is the official binding document.  Translation assistance is limited to U.S. and host country officials. Other requestors are advised to seek assistance from local translators.
  

Channels of Communication for SCOs.

1. SCO personnel serve under the direction and supervision of the COM as authorized by the FAA. The Combatant Commanders command and supervise the SCOs in matters that are not COM functions, including the provision of technical assistance and administrative support. The SCO Chief ensures that all SCO activities are fully coordinated with the COM.

2. SCOs communicate directly with DSCA and MILDEP Security Assistance elements as appropriate and provide information copies of communications of record to the Combatant Command for evaluation and comment as specified by the Combatant Command.

3. The MILDEPs maintain offices to coordinate acquisition activities, identify technological capabilities, stimulate participation in joint projects, and fund local basic research and studies. These offices establish formal liaison with the SCOs to maximize complementary activities.

Directives and Record Communications. Security Assistance directives and record
communications to the Combatant Commands, SCOs, and MILDEPs that have military operational or policy implications require coordination with the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. All Security Assistance directives and record communications from the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff to the Combatant Commands (e.g., new fighter aircraft sales policy recommendations), SCOs, and MILDEPs require coordination with the Director, DSCA. If appropriate, the Director, DSCA, coordinates further within OSD and the Executive Branch. 

The SCO works in the Security Assistance or Security Cooperation Organization and for both the Chief of Mission and Geographic Regional Combatant Commander.

TRADOC is the command / organization within the Department of the Army that is executive agent (EA) for security assistance training.

The Security Assistance Training Directorate (SATD) is the organization responsible for Managing the United States Army sponsored Security Assistance Training Programs (Title 22) and selected Department of Defense Programs (Title 10) that bring approved international military students (IMS) and civilians to U.S. Army-managed training in CONUS.

SATD functions as the Army program manager for U.S. Government-authorized and DOD-executed Security Assistance Training Programs (SATP) that provide Army-managed training to approved countries and international military students in CONUS and outside continental United States (OCONUS) in support of combatant commands (COCOM), Army component commanders, and HQDA security cooperation objectives. Assists the CG, TRADOC as executive agent (EA) for security assistance training.

SATD includes the Security Assistance Training Field Activity (SATFA) at Fort Monroe and the Security Assistance Training Management Organization (SATMO) at Fort Bragg.

SATFA manages the training of over 8000 international students in nearly 11,000 seats per year. Students come from 165 countries to 86 Army-managed training activities, including 22 TRADOC schools (50% of seats), 60 non-TRADOC/DoD schools (49% of seats) and 4 contractor-conducted facilities (1% of seats).

SATMO deploys nearly 400 personnel in 69 teams to over 37 countries each year to train international personnel. SATMO maintains 10 PCS teams in CENTCOM, EUCOM and SOUTHCOM.

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Baseball, Soccer, Basketball and Football.

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Germany (1795)

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Canada (21.4%); Mexico (11.7%); China (5.6%); Japan (5.4%); United Kingdom (4.3%); Germany (4.3%)

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You could stand in 4 States at the same time at a point formed by the junction of Utah, Colorado, Arizona, and New Mexico

There are only 46 states, the other 4 are not officially States but Commonwealths

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